Editor's note: This series explores how China's zero-tariff policy for 53 African countries set to take effect May 1, is reshaping trade opportunities across the continent. In this episode, clove farmers in Zanzibar look to a new Chinese market as a chance to stabilize incomes and expand exports amid fluctuating global demand.

On the spice islands of Zanzibar, where clove trees have shaped livelihoods for generations, farmers are turning their attention to China as it prepares to implement a zero-tariff policy on imports from 53 African countries starting May 1, a move that could redefine access to one of the world's largest markets.

The policy, which applies to all African nations with diplomatic ties to Beijing, is expected to remove import duties on agricultural goods, a key barrier for exporters. Analysts say it comes at a critical moment as producers across Africa face volatile demand and tightening global trade conditions.

In Zanzibar, the spice trade is deeply rooted. Cultivation expanded under Omani rule in the early 19th century. At its peak, Zanzibar was home to more than four million clove trees, producing up to 24,000 tonnes annually and making it one of the world's leading exporters.

That legacy endures, but strains are growing. While the islands still offer ideal growing conditions with tropical temperatures averaging 25 to 26 degrees Celsius and reliable biannual rainfall, farmers say unpredictable demand from traditional markets in Europe and the United States has made earnings increasingly uncertain.

“The bulk spice business is very fluctuating,” said Issa Foum Ali, a Zanzibar spice farmer. “Our main customers are from Europe, Germany and America. They order when they need it – no fixed orders. One year they order five tonnes, the next year 100 grams. The Chinese opportunity is a big opportunity for us.”

The zero‑tariff policy could stabilise this uncertainty by lowering costs for Chinese buyers and boosting African exports. Officials say it aligns with broader efforts to expand trade and support industrial growth across the continent.

“This policy is much more than a trade preference,” said Soud Said Ali, Managing Director of the Zanzibar State Trading Corporation. “When China launched its 15th Five‑Year Plan, this was a landmark step for high‑level opening‑up. It reflects the shared closeness between China’s modernisation and Africa’s modernisation, and represents a meaningful move in building a new type of international relations.”

With China already Africa’s largest trading partner, the policy could deepen commercial ties and open a more stable export path for Zanzibar’s centuries‑old spice trade – now hinging on access to a rapidly expanding market.

Marion Gachuhi also contributed to the story